Crucible for melting aluminum includes high temperature resistance, chemical stability, corrosion resistance and others.
Crucibles for melting aluminum need to have the following characteristics and material selection：
1. Crucibles for melting aluminum: High temperature resistance
The melting point of aluminum is 660°C, so the crucible material must be able to withstand high temperatures. Alumina crucibles widely use because of their high temperature resistance (up to 1500°C). In addition, graphite crucibles and porcelain crucibles also show good stability at high temperatures and will not dissolve in molten aluminum.
2. Crucibles for melting aluminum: Chemical stability
The crucible material should not react chemically with molten aluminum. Alumina crucibles are recommended for aluminum smelting due to their chemical inertness. In addition, graphite crucibles and ceramic crucibles have also been shown to have good chemical stability at high temperatures.
3. Crucibles for melting aluminum: Corrosion resistance
Aluminum liquid is highly corrosive, especially to iron crucibles. Studies have shown that iron crucibles are prone to “waist drum” deformation, peeling, or even cracking when smelting aluminum, and the iron content in the aluminum liquid will increase significantly. Therefore, iron crucibles are not suitable for aluminum smelting.
4. Mechanical strength
The crucible needs to have sufficient mechanical strength to prevent damage under high temperature and high pressure. Alumina crucibles widely use due to their high hardness and heat resistance. In addition, low alloy cast iron crucibles containing elements such as Cr and Re also show excellent anti-growth and anti-oxidation properties.
5. Economical and alternative materials
For cost-sensitive applications, alternative materials can be considered. For example, rice husk pellets use as a fuel substitute in Nigeria for aluminum smelting. Although they mainly use for lead, zinc and aluminum, their environmental and economical performance may be of reference value for some applications. In addition, BN and TiB2 compounds in evaporation dish waste have also been proposed as alternatives to refractory materials.
6. Special design requirements
For industrial applications, cold crucible melting (CCF) use to produce high purity metals. This technology protects the crucible with a water-cooled wall, preventing the molten metal from coming into contact with the crucible, thus avoiding contamination. In addition, tilting crucible furnaces have also been designed for portable aluminum melting.
7. Environmental protection and sustainability
Using environmentally friendly materials and reducing pollution are important goals of modern industry. For example, rice husk pellets as a fuel substitute not only reduce environmental pollution, but also reduce energy costs.
Crucibles for melting aluminum usually made of alumina, graphite or ceramic materials because of their excellent high temperature resistance, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. For special needs, there can use such as high-purity metal production or portable melting, cold crucible melting technology or tilting crucible furnaces . At the same time, considering the economy and environmental protection, alternative fuels such as rice husk pellets may also be a viable option.
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